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PURANAS

ANEXO

Hinduismo 1º

THE GARUDA-PURANA: 3 Volumes (Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology)

Código del Artículo: IDE886

por Translated and Annotated by A BOARD OF SCHOLARS

Hardcover

Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN Part I - 8120803442; Part II - 8120803450; Part III - 8120803469

Tamaño: 8.7" X 5.7"
Páginas: 1221
Weight of the Book:1.845 Kg

Precio: Euro 72.42

Descripción

Introduction

As a class of literature the Purana deals with ancient Indian religion philosophy, history, geography, sociology politics and other subjects and supplies the material for the study of various branches of knowledge and ancient wisdom.

The Purana has been defined as Pancalaksana and is supposed to contain five topics (i) creation (sarga), (ii) Dissolution and re-creation (pratisarga) (iii) Genealogy (vamsa), (iv) periods of time with manu as the primal ancestor and (iv) history of Royal dynasties both solar and luner. But this definition in inadequate. For the texts that have come to us under the title Purana characteristics. This fact was noticed by the Puranic redactors themselves who later on adopted a dasalaksaam definition that satiated the Puranic text.

But this too is not a standard definition. For the Puranaa contain aspects that are not covered by any of the ten characteristics. Besides some of the characteristics covered by this definition are not found in certain Puranas.

In fact the Puranas as a class represents different phases or aspects of Indain Life in diverse ages. It is not possible therefore to adopt a standard definition for the class of literary composition that contains heterogeneous phases or aspects Moreover, a definition formed on the numerical basis 0f points cannot be perfect.

We can, however, describe the Purana as a class of literature that deals with the legends of gods, asuras, sages and kings of ancient times, contains abstracts of works in arts, sciences, medicine, grammar, dramaturgy, music, astrology and other subjects, affords insight into different phases and aspects 0f Hinduism—its mythology, idol-worship, theism, pantheism, love of God, philosophy, superstition, festivals and ceremonies.2 In brief, the Purânas constitute a popular encyclopedia of ancient and medieval Hinduism in all its traits— religious, philosophical, historical, personal, social and political.

Origin and Development

The term Purãna connotes simply an old narrative4 or the record of old events.5 Ancient writers6 derived the term as. According to Skanda7 and Matsya8 Puranas and the Mahabhaya9 of Patanjali, there was at first a single work of literature called Purana or Purea-Sathhita. But when the process of interpolation started with the rise of sectarianism in India, the Purana assumed a massive form. Each sect built up a structure of its doctrines around the nucleus of ancient material. The original Purãl3a underwent different forms and shaped itself into Vaisnava, Saiva and Brahma Purãnas.

(ii) Upa-PurAga.1 Each class consists of eighteen Puranas. Thus the number of the Purãnas is thirty six.

The Mahâ-Purãnas are classified mainly into three categories—Vaisnava, Brahma and Saiva in proportion as they accord preferential treatment to Visnu, Brahma and Siva. The Purãnas glorifying Visnu are styled as Sàttvika, those glorifying Brahmã as Rajasa and those glorifying Agni and Siva as Tamasa. According to this description the eighteen Mahäpurãnas can be classified into Sãttvika, Rãjasa and Támasa. as under:

Sattvika: Bhagavata, Visnu, Garuda, Matsya, Kürma, Vayu.
Rajasa: Skanda, Padma, Varnana, Varaha, Agni, Bhavisya.
Tamosa: Brahmanda, Liñga, Brahmavaivarta, Märkandeya, Brahma, Aditya.

It is remarkable to note that in the list of Tamasa Puranas the Garuda Purãna mentions Aditya Puràna instead of Narada.

The Puranas are not unanimous on this division. For instance, among the Sattvika Purãnas, the Padma Puranas omits Matya, Kurma and Vayu which are replaced by Nãrada, Padma and Vãraha, retains only the Bhagavata, Visnu and Garuda of the Garuda list. Among the Rajasa Puranas the Padma Purana retains only the Vãmana Pural)a but leaves out Skanda Padma Varaha and Agni from the Rajasa list which are replaced by Brahmanda Brahma Brahmavaivaru markandeya and Bhavisya among the tamasa Puranas Padma Purana retains only the Linga Purana but omits brahmanda, Brahma vaivarta, Brahma Markandeya and Aditya of the Garuda list. Instead it includes Matsya Kurma, Siva skand and agni. Thus we find that there is confusion in this kind of classification which becomes more complicated by the statement of Skanda Purana which assigns ten Puranas to Siva four to Brahma two each to Devi and Visnu.

Yet another kind of classification is recorded is the devi bhagavata which names the Maha - puranas by their initial letters except the Garuda which it mentions by the full name.

Garuda Purana The Nomenclature

The Puranas themselves discuss their nomenclature so far as the Garuda Purana is concerned it is so called because the speaker of this Purana is Garuda himself.

One the evidence of the Bhagavata Purana the Garuda Purana was also called sauparna. The Vayu Purana calls it vainateya Alberuni as Tarkhya. Ballala the author of Danasagara mentions Tarksya in the list of Maha Puranas. In the nibandha granthas the terms Tarksya, vainateya, Sauparna are often used which according to Sanskrit lexicons are synonyms of Garuda.

But the quotations made under the names tarksya Vainateya or Sauparna are not found in the extant Garuda. It is no certain whether these quotations existed in the old text of the Garuda Purana which later on suffered change in the hands of redactors or whether they belonged to a Purana that was quite different from the extant text called Garuda.

The Purana is called Garuda because the original speaker is Garuda who narrates it to Kasyapa. The later narrates it to Siva the present translation is based consist of three parts.

Acara kanda is known as purva khanda (section I) preta as uttara khanda (section II) Brahma kanda as Moksa kanda (section III).

The acara kanda is called karma kanda because it deals with karmna. The preta kanda is called dharma kanda because it concerns religion. The Brahma kanda is called Moksa kanda because it leads to salvation.

The three sections are distinct and differ widely from one another in form as also in content. The number of chapter in the sections is not uniform. For instance the acara-kanda consists of chapters 1-240 pretakanda of 1-49 and Brahmakanda of 1-29. but in spite of this difference the three sections together constitute the Garuda Purana. This threefold division is recognized in the Garuda Purana itself.

General Character of the Kandas

As previously remarked the GP consists of thee kandas (i) Acara (ii) Dharma and (iii) Brahma Acara (karma) kanda consists of 240 chapters is the biggest of the three kandas in dimension. Of these 14 deal with the five principal characteristics of the Puranas 48 with the medicine 53 with the worship of deities 61 with the Dharmasastra matter 8 with morals 13 with lapidary science and 43 with miscellaneous topics such as astrology physiognomy etc.

dharma kanda deals with the subject of death metempsychosis karman and release from karman. It throws light on the omens of death the path to Yama the fate of the pretas the torments of hells and the pretas as causes of omens and dreams. It describes rites to be performed at the time of death funeral rites ancestor worship and special funeral rites for the sati. There are legends of the pretas describing the causes of their wretched existence which recall the Buddhist legends recorded in Petavatthu.

General Characteristics of the Purana Applied to the Garuda Purana

The Garuda Purana gives more attention to extraneous subjects than to subjects that fall under the legitimate laksana of Purana. For instance of the 240 chapters in the Purva Khanda 14 chapters deal with the Pancalaksana section I chs 4-5 deal with the primary and secondary creation Section I ch.6 deals with the genealogies of gods and sages section I Chs 87-90 with the ages of Manus. The history of royal dynasties is treated in a very condensed form and interspersed with the genealogies of royal dynasties. The subject of creation and dissolution is taken up again in section I chapters 54-58 and 224 respectively.

(i) Creation (sarga)

The Supreme god Visnu assues the form of Brahmi and as Brahma he begins the process of creation. As Visnu he protects the world as Rudra he destroyas the universe.

Though devoid of attributes he ahs an inherent energy which manifests itself in the form of three principles Sattva Rajas and tamas which are responsible for creation maintenance and dissolution of the universe.

(ii) Re-creation after dissolution

The creation of the universe is not a permanent feature for all creations end in dissolution which in turn give place to re-creation. The description of this process constitutes one of the five main features of a Maha-purana.

The process of dissolution is complicated for several dissolutions occur before the universe is completely dissolved. As the Puranas relate a creation lasts for ad ay of Brahma equal to the age of manvantaras. At the end of each manvantara there occurs a dissolution. Thus a day of Brahma contains fourteen dissolutions.

(iii) Genealogies

The Garuda Purana deals with the Genealogies of kings in Acara kanda (ch. 138-141). The Purana follows the Vayu tradition as regards the solar dynasty form Vaisvasvata Manu on words and the common tradition regarding the other dynasties. It omits several historical dynasties which the other purans describe.

The Garuda Purana deals with the dynasties of Kosala Kasi and vaisali. The videha dynasty descended form Nimi son of Iksvaku. The Garuda Purana confuses the dynasties of Ayodhya and Videha omitting certain kings form the line of Videha and adding these to the line of vikuksi the originator of Ayodhya line. Among the Magadha kings the Purnaa mentions Barhadrathas who lived in pre Bimbisara age. In this context the Purana records that the Barhadrathas will be succeeded by impious and sudra kings.

The Barhadrathas of Magadha were the successors of the Brhadbala dynasty which descended from the solar race of Iksvaku. According to the Garuda purana Suddhodana of Kapilavastu father of Gautama Buddha and the son of Sakya was Aiksvakava. This is confirmed by Mahavastu which states that suddhodana belonged to Iksvaku dynasty.

Vaisali dynasty descended from manu’s Nabhanedista. This dynasty is recorded in seven Puranas but only four lists of this Purana are complete those is the vayu visnu, Bhagavata and Garuda. The dynasty derived its name from king Visala who founded visala or Vaisla as this capital.

CONTENTS

PART - I

ABBREVIATIONS		xiii
INTRODUCTION		xv-xxxv
Chapters
1.	Incarnations of Vishnu	1
2.	Tradition of Garuda Purana	6
3.	Statement of Contents	14
4.	Beginning of Creation	15
5.	Creation of Progenitors	19
6.	Description of families	23
7.	Worship of the sun, etc.	29
8.	Worship of Visnu and Vajranabha mandala	31
9.	Visnu-diksa	33
10.	Worship of Laksmi	34
11.	Nava-vyuha worship of Visnu	35
12.	Order of worship	39
13.	Visnupanjarastotra	41
14.	Meditation	42
15.	Visnu-sahasra-nama-stotra	44
16.	Contemplation of Hari and Sun-worship	72
17.	Sun-Worship	74
18.	Worship of Amrtesa Mrtyunjaya	75
19.	Pranesvari Vidya	78
20.	Mantras for removing poison	81
21.	Worship of Panca-vaktra Siva	83
22-23	Worship of siva	84
24.	Worship of Tripura	93
25.	Adoration of Asana	94
26.	Assignment of limbs over the body	95
27.	Mantras to cure snake-bite	97
28.	Worship of Gopala	97
29.	Trailokya-mohini	100
30.	Worship of Sridhara	101
31.	Worship of Visnu	104
32.	Worship of Panca-tattvas	108
33.	Worship of Sudarsana	112
34.	Worship of Hayagriva	114
35.	Worship of Gayatri	119
36.	Method of performing Sandhya	120
37.	Gayatri kalpa	122
38.	Worship of Durga	123
39.	Worship of Sun	126
40.	Worship of Mahesvara	129
41.	Mantras to obtain Women	132
42.	Pavitraropana of Siva	133
43.	Pavitraropana of Visnu	136
44.	Contemplation of Brahman or Visnu's form	140
45.	Characteristics of Salagrama	142
46.	Vastu-puja	146
47.	Characteristics of Palaces	150
48.	Installation of Idols	153
49.	Four Varnas and asramas	163
50.	Daily routine for the aspirant	167
51.	Charity	175
52.	Prayascitta	178
53.	Eight nidhis	181
54-57	Bhuvana-kosa	182-190
58.	Description of the planets	191
59-62	Astrology	194-201
63-65	Physiognomy	203-205
66	Astrology	218
67	Svarodaya or Pavana-vijaya	220
68	On the test of Gems - Diamond	224
69.	On the test of Gems - Pearls	228
70.	On the test of Gems - Ruby	232
71.	On the test of Gems - Emerald	236
72.	On the test of Gems - Sapphire	238
73.	On the test of Gems - Lapis Lazuli	240
74.	On the test of Gems - Topaz	242
75.	On the test of Gems - Karketana	242
76.	On the test of Gems - Bhismamani	243
77.	On the test of Gems - Pulaka	244
78.	On the test of Gems - Blood Stone	245
79.	On the test of Gems - Crystal	246
80.	On the test of Gems - Coral	246
81.	Sacred Places	247
82-86	Greatness of Gaya	251-265
87	Fourteen Manus	268
88-90	Story of Ruci	272
91	Worship of Hari	282
92.	Meditation on Visnu	284
93-106	Teachings of Yajnavalkya	286
107	Teaching of Parasara	323
108-115	Brhaspati-niti-Sara	327
116-137	Sacred Rites (Vratas)	365
138.	The Solar Dynasty	398
139.	The Lunar Dynasty	402
140.	Genealogy of the Pauravas	407
141.	Genealogy of the Pauravas and others	409
142.	Greatness of Sita	410
143.	The Story of Rama	413
144.	Incarnation of Krsna	416
145.	The Story of the Mahabharata	417
146.	Description of Diseases	421
	PART - II
Acara (Karma) Kanda (continued from AITM Vol. 12)
147	Diseases	425
148	Diseases	434
149	Diseases	435
150	Diseases	437
151	Diseases	439
152	Diseases	440
153	Diseases	443
154	Diseases	444
155	Diseases	446
156	Diseases	449
157	Diseases	455
158	Diseases	458
159	Diseases	461
160	Diseases	465
161	Diseases	470
162	Diseases	475
163	Diseases	479
164	Diseases	481
165	Diseases	485
166	Diseases	486
167	Diseases	491
168	Diseases	497
169	Diseases	503
170	Diseases	510
171	Diseases	518
172	Diseases	524
173	Diseases	528
174	Diseases	531
175	Diseases	533
176	Diseases	534
177	Diseases	536
178	Diseases	543
179	Diseases	546
180	Diseases	547
181	Diseases	548
182	Diseases	549
183	Diseases	551
184	Diseases	553
185	Diseases	556
186	Diseases	559
187	Diseases	560
188	Diseases	561
189	Diseases	563
190	Diseases	564
191	Diseases	567
192	Diseases	569
193	Diseases	572
194	Vaisnava-Kavaca	574
195	A Love for fulfilling a desire in seven nights	577
196	Visnu-dharma	578
197	Garudamantra	579
198	Eulogy of Tripura	584
199	Cudamani	585
200	Diseases	589
201	Medical Treatment of horses and elephants	590
202	Diseases	594
203	Diseases	596
204	Medicinal drugs	597
205	Grammar	605
206	Grammar	608
207	Prosody	611
208	Prosody	612
209	Prosody	614
210	Prosody	618
211	Prosody	619
212	Prosody	620
213	Dharma-sastra	620
214	Dharma-sastra	633
215	Dharma-sastra	636
216	Dharma-sastra	638
217	Dharma-sastra	639
218	Dharma-sastra	640
219	Dharma-sastra	647
220	Dharma-sastra	649
221	Dharmasara	652
222	Expiation	654
223	Yuga-dharma	660
224	Dissolution	663
225	Results of good and bad acts	664
226	Yoga and its Components	668
227	Yoga and its Components	672
228	Devotion to Visnu	675
229	Devotion to Visnu	677
230	Devotion to Visnu	678
231	Hymn to Narasimha	683
232	Kulamrta or Jnanamrta hymn	686
233	Mrtyvastaka Hymn	688
234	Acyuta or Cakradhara Hymn	690
235	Vedanta and Sankhya	697
236	Vedanta and Sankhya	701
237	Essence of the Gita	704
238	Essence of the Gita	706
239	Essence of Brahmagita	707
240	Glory of Garuda Purana	710
Dharma (Preta) Kanda
Chapters
1.	Garuda's Query	717
2.	Results of actions	723
3.	Description of Hell	730
4.	Pre-death and post-death rites	736
5.	Annual rites for the deceased	750
6.	The glory of Vrsotsarga	761
7.	The story of five ghosts	772
8.	Person authorised to perform obsequies	779
9.	The king authorised to perform rites	782
10.	The Gratifying Nature of Sraddha	787
11.	Doors for Departure	794
12.	Importance of Dharma	795
13.	Obsequial Rites	798
14.	Merits of Gifts	801
15.	Observances immediate after Death	806
16.	Life after Death	814
17.	Glory of Sravanas	818
18.	Life after Death	820
19.	Life after Death	823
20.	Functions of the Departed soul	825
	PART - III
B.	Dharma (Preta) Kanda(continued from AITM Vo. 13)
Chapters
21.	Ghosts and their Release	829
22.	On attaining ghosthood	832
23.	On Ghosthood	840
24.	Sins of Omission and Commission, Premature death of Children; Gifts	841
25.	On Sons and Grandsons	845
26.	On the rite of uniting the dead with the deceased ancestors	850
27.	Episode of King Babhruvahana	856
28.	Gifts for the Ghost	861
29.	Rites after death	864
30.	On bestowing Gifts	867
31.	On bestowing Gifts	872
32.	The Origin of life	875
33.	The World of Yama	885
34.	Results of Virtue and Sin	889
35.	Rites of Sapindikarana and Sraddha	900
36.	On fast and pilgrimage	904
37.	Gift of a Vessel filled with water	908
38.	On Salvation, Heaven, Gifts, Pilgrimage and good deeds	909
39.	Rules of impurity	912
40.	On accidental death	914
41.	Releasing the Bull (Vrsotsarga)	919
42.	On bestowing gifts	921
43.	On performing a Sraddha	923
44.	On accidental death	924
45.	The mode of annual Sraddha	926
46.	Results of activity	929
47.	On Sins and Vaitarani	932
48.	On Dharma and Adharma	936
49.	Method of Final Release	941
	C. BRAHMA (MOKSA) KANDA
Chapters
1.	Classification of the Puranas. The Nature of Deities	955
2.	Puranic Trinity: Brahma, Visnu, Siva: Their respective roles	965
3.	Creation of the universe: Variation due to difference in Gunas	972
4.	Gunas and their nature: Imbalance and Equilibrium	978
5.	Deities and their relative status	983
6.	Deities and their relative status	988
7.	Praise of Lord Visnu by deities and sages	995
8.	Praise of Lord Visnu by deities and sages	1004
9.	Nature of deities and the serial order of their position	1006
10.	Creation primary and secondary	1008
11.	Causes of Ignorance	1013
12.	Praise of Visnu by Brahma	1020
13.	Creation of deities after dissolution	1027
14.	Nature and form of Visnu & benefits of Vaisvadeva	1031
15.	Incarnations of Visnu	1035
16.	Incarnations of Mahalaksmi	1039
17.	Forms of Bharati in different births	1046
18.	Incarnations of Rudra and after	1049
19.	The Episode of Nila	1056
20.	The Episode of Bhadra	1063
21.	The Episode of Kalindi	1067
22.	The Episode of Laksmana	1070
23.	The Episode of Jambavati	1075
24.	The glory of Venkatacala and lord Srinivasa	1080
25.	Glory of Venkatesa and the method of worship	1091
26.	On the mountain Venkata, Svamipuskarini and the deities residing there	1096
27.	Visit to places of pilgrimage	1108
28.	Anecdotes of the glory of Visnu	1112
29.	On unfolding the mystery and secret of Reality	1126
GLOSSARY		1135
GENERAL INDEX		1145