exoticindia.es

Temples of Palakkad District (A Big Book)

Código del Artículo: NAC075

por S. Jayashanker

Hardcover (Edición: 2005)

Census of India Special Studies - Kerala

Tamaño: 11.5 inch X 8.5 inch
Páginas: 905 (108 Color Illustrations with Maps)
Weight of the Book: 2.70 Kg

Precio: Euro 76.23

Descripción

Foreword

The Indian Census Organisation is generally well known to both the national and international community of social scientists as one, which collects, processes and disseminates tabulated data on population characteristics through the decennial population censuses. However, one of the strong pillars on which the organisation has built up its reputation in the field of social sciences are the inter-censal studies undertaken on a variety of subjects which touch the life of the people, reflecting the culture and the organisation of the Indian society. Whereas the pro-independent censuses were predisposed for their in depth investigation into the social and anthropological characteristics of the Indian population, the post independent censuses have attempted to undertake studies on more diverse socio-culture topics. Far example, the monographs on the Fairs and Festivals of India, Village and Town studies have contributed to a better understanding of the social fabric of the Indian society. The current study ‘Temples of Palakkad District’ is a similar effort and forms an integral part of the ‘Temples of Kerala’ study already completed by the Organisation. Shri S. Jayashanker, who retired after a very distinguished innings as Deputy Director of Census Operations, Kerala, has authored the present volume. His devotion, commitment and dedication reinforce and add to the great census tradition of bringing out unique monographs on subjects of topical interest through special studies, The present work reflects the painstaking efforts of Shri Jayashanker has single handedly undertaken over the past several years (post retirement) in data collection and providing a vivid description on the temples of the region. The earlier volume “Temples of Kerala” has been received with much admiration and some sense of surprise as to how the Census Organisation continues to churn out such scholarly, fascinating and comprehensive volumes.

Temples have been the life line of an important and significant segment of the Indian society from times immemorial and in a way not only reflect the religious feelings of the community but also depict it graphically in an outstanding architectural form. The present set of volume enumerates and describes at length in text form the ‘Temples of Palakkad District’. This obviously was a Herculean effort but has been carried out meticulously by the author with a great sense of devotion and commitment. The photographs, diagrams, maps, glossary and transliteration provide rich background and reference material and considerably enhance the value of the publication the common reader and the distinguished one as well, I am confident that this rich collection which in a sense remained largely unknown till date, will invoke a great sense of satisfaction and admiration both by the discriminating mind and those who have Interest in study of the Indian culture and the temple architecture. This effort, therefore, should further enrich the existing literature in the domain of social sciences and make the temples of Kerala well known to the world.

The chief glory of Palakkad district is the long and continuous array of the majestic Sahyadri (Western Ghats) with a sole break of 30 km. There are two famous valleys of great importance in this mountainous range, the Silent Valley Biosphere and the Attappadi Valley, both helping a visitor to enjoy the serene, flawless, inimitable and impersonal beauty of nature. The unique Palakkad Gap has paved the way for shaping the destiny of the district by allowing the general powers of Vijayanagar, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, Chera, Chola etc. to enter Kerala through this Gap in early centuries and Mysorean rulers in later centuries. The district is greatly influenced by the synthesis of cultures of Kerala and Tamilakam by adopting their traditional rituals and practices. It is of historical importance that the district has in it the oldest temple of Kerala, Sree Varahamoortty temple at Panniyoor, which dates back to 700 B.C. There is also a wide spectrum of deities belonging to Saivite, Vaishnavite and Sakti mode of worship. The spectacular and attractive festivals in the temples of the district provide an opportunity to the people to witness almost all the folk art forms prevalent in the region. The monograph is a treasure as it brings out the details of about two thousand temples of the district at the beginning of the twenty first century.

Preface

The monograph on Temples of Kerala which was published earlier covered the general aspects on temples in Kerala like history of temples over the last two thousand years. e of worship, architectural features, iconography of idols, deva-prasam, temple ‘—rites priesthood, temple, customs, offerings, temple administration, ritualistic and —performing, arts, carvings and paintings etc. This volume, the sixth In the series of district c. is an addendum to the monograph on Temples of Kerala and It attempts to cover an account of the temples of Pãlakkãd (Pãlakkãt) district.

The background of taking up this exhaustive study needs little elaboration. The C-s Organization of India undertook a study on Temples of Madras State as an ancillary study of the 1961 census. This study evoked keen interest among scholars, the Government and statutory bodies of Kerala etc. Late Sree R. Vasudëva Poduvãl a renowned Atibo1ogIst, requested the Registrar General, India (late Sree A. Chandrasëkha) as early 1969 to launch a study on temples of Kerala similar to the one that was conducted In Madras state and the latter readily agreed to this suggestion. But the study could not be taken up due to heavy pressure of work in connection with the 1971 census. In 1973, me Travancore Dëvaswam Board also came up with a similar request but the backlog of census work of 1971 census stood in the way in launching the study. In 1979 the Advisor to the Government of Kerala on Temples and Traditional Arts again requested the director of Census Operations to commence the study. But again some unforeseen circumstances prevented the organization from taking up the study. However, In May 1990, the Government of Kerala again requested the Census Directorate to take up a detailed survey on Temples of Kërala and the Registrar General (Sree A.R. Nanda I.A.S.) directed to commence the survey In June 1991.

For canvassing the data a schedule was designed in consultation with tantris, silpis etc., besides incorporating the valuable suggestions given by Sree A.R. Nanda, I.A.S. (former Registrar General, India), late Dr. K. P. Ittaman (former Deputy Registrar General, india) and late Sree K.C. Nãrãyana Kurup (former Deputy Director of Census Operations, Madras). The schedules were printed in September 1991 and the, work commenced.

Originally it was decided to collect data of temples by mailing the schedules to temple authorities of statutory bodies and collecting details by deputing trained field staff to temples exclusively managed by private individuals and institutions. But this procedure did not work well as the response from the statutory bodies was found defective as the filled-in schedules had both content and coverage errors. Therefore in March 1992 it was decided to engage a small team of trained staff (of the Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala) for the field-study. The survey covered all temples which are open to public, irrespective of whether they are owned by statutory bodies, private institutions, families or Individuals.

The procedure for the collection of data for the survey deserves special mention. The staff deputed for this study was directed to visit all panchaayatts, village offices and note down the names and location of all temples. They were then directed to visit all such temples located In every nook and corner of the panchaayatt, some of which situated even in dense forests and in areas Inaccessible by roads, apart from making local enquiries on any possible omissions. These visits and enquiries helped them to prepare a Directory (presented as Section 3) of all temples open to public and collect data regarding the name, location, principal deity, antiquity, structural type of main sreekovil, time of worship and poojas, utsavam/festival besides details on ownership/management.

Further based on certain criteria i.e., all the temples having swayambhoo (self- revealed) idols and other important temples depending on number of prãkãras, architectural excellence, number of poojas, antiquity and number of worshippers were selected for detailed study. It may be said that great care has been taken to include almost all Important temples based on these criteria and the data so collected through a separate detailed schedule are presented in Section 2 (Salient features of important temples) of this monograph. This does not mean that other temples are unimportant. But the more prominent ones based on the above mentioned specified criteria were given due weight age. Section 1 gives an overall review and analysis on temples of Palakkad district with a backdrop on geographical setting, historical and other aspects.

It is worthwhile to mention here the limitations of the data. The informants, mainly temple authorities, were generally co-operative. However, some of them were reluctant to provide details fearing that their private temples might be taken over by the Government and they took the stand that those temples were exclusively used by family members and not open to public. On the other hand some Insisted on having their temples enumerated hoping to get some financial assistance for their family temples at a later stage. Another difficulty encountered by the field staff was that very often they had to go to the same temple several times to collect details as the temples were kept open only for specified hours (either morning or noon or evening) or on specified days besides non-availability of reliable Informants. Similarly it was difficult to verify the claim of informants on the data of antiquity and myths associated with those temples. In spite of these limitations every effort was made to collect detailed data as one could.

The field-survey of Pãlakkãd district was done at different periods during 1992-97 and, therefore, subsequent changes on structures, idols etc. have not been incorporated in this monograph except in few cases where re-visits were done. The data thus collected through the field-survey is published in this monograph. The earlier proposed title of the monograph, i.e., Temple Directory (mentioned in the first monograph - Temples of Kerala), had to be changed in the District monographs consequent on the introduction of a section dealing with the General background of temples of the district. Thus this volume has three sections viz. Section 1: General Background, Section 2: Salient features on important’ temples and Section3: Temple Directory (which covers list of all temples m the district).

The field survey was initially monitored by Sree K. Sivaramakrishna Iyer (former Assistant Director of Census Operations). The field staff Included Sarvasree R. Chandrachoodan, M. Chandraëkharan, MR. Sukumaran Nair, Thampi N. Suresh, G. Sivadãsan and R. Mãdhavan Nair of the Census Directorate and Sree M. Narãyanan kutty who was taken on deputation to the Census Directorate. The tireless team work of the field staff is highly commendable. The wholehearted dedication in spite of several odds of travelling through difficult terrain on foot withstanding the onslaughts of climate deserves special mention. At the time of writing this volume I had to again utilize the services of Sree G. Sivadãsan, Statistical Investigator of the Census Directorate. I take this opportunity to record my great appreciation for his invaluable contribution.

I am ever grateful to all those temple authorities and the informants who willingly furnished data to the field staff. But for their contributions the report would not have been brought to light.

The major task of, translation of data of the Temple Directory (Section 3) into English and presenting It in the final format was done painstakingly and with great dedication by Sree K. Sivarãmakrishna Iyer, former Assistant Director of Census Operations. The entire credit of this well presented basic data goes to him. I do not know how to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to his dedicated services.

The general background (Section 1) and salient features on important temples (Section 2) and other items like Glossary, Annexure etc. were written by the author himself by utilizing the field-data, besides many published and unpublished reports. The brunt of the work of reading the proof and giving valuable suggestions were gladly and conscientiously undertaken by my wife Prof. A. Anandam. I have no words to thank her.

It is my pleasant duty to acknowledge the co-operation extended to me by officers and staff of the Census Directorate. In the initial stages I got full encouragement from late Sree N.M. Samuel, I.A.S., Director of Census Operations, Kerala. Mrs. Sheela Thomas, LAS who succeeded him as Director of Census Operations was indeed very helpful in the continuation of the project and the bringing of this monograph to light. I am greatly indebted to both of them. My earlier colleagues in the Census Directorate also greatly helped me in bringing out this monograph. However I would like to mention my sincere appreciation and special thanks to V. Thulasëdharan, Senior Draftsman, who has meticulously drawn the rough maps of taluks and in designing plates of photographs in this monograph.

The keying of data, lay-out of pages and preparing camera-ready copy of this volume were conscientiously done by Sree G.S. Sudheer Kumãr ‘as a love for labour. I am deeply impressed by his stupendous work and place on record my profound thanks to him. The photographs on the temples of the district were taken by Sree Santosh, Channãnkara, Still Photographer. I express my appreciation and thanks to him.

Now it is my pleasant duty to thank the officers and staff of the office of the Registrar General, India, particularly Mr. B. Malilk (Joint Registrar General / Joint Secretary), Dr. R.P. Singh (Deputy Registrar General, Map Division) and Mr. C. Chakravorty (Joint Director), Mr. Bal Krishan (Deputy Director) and the Printing Section for their great help in bringing out this volume.

It is my great privilege to acknowledge my unfailing obligations I owe to Dr. M. Vijayanunni, I.A.S., former Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, who had always guided me by giving his valuable advice and helped me a lot by his timely interventions at a critical juncture when the project was about to be shelved. His involvement and vision have paved the way in completing the field work and publication of earlier three monographs viz. Temples of Kerala, Temples of Kasaragöd district and Temples of Kanoor district) on this subject well in time. I am ever grateful to him for laying the foundation for this project which brings out the cultural heritage of Kërala.

Shri Jayant Kumar Banthia, I.A.S., the Registrar General, India, was very generous, extremely considerate and greatly helpful to solve many problems associated with the printing and release of the three District monographs (Temples of Wayanad district, Temples Kozhikkode district and Temples of Malappuram district). I am particularly grateful to him for providing a valuable Foreword for this monograph. I am sure that this monograph will indeed be useful for the posterity. On behalf of the future users of these monographs I express my deep gratitude to him.

While writing this volume I have experienced the Divine Grace of the Almighty and boundless blessings of Gurus and I have no words to express my deep feelings. I humbly pray for their continued benediction.

The views expressed in this monograph are my own and do not necessarily represent the views of the Government of India.

The author is happy if the monograph can be of some use as a background document on the subject for administrators, devotees and the general public.

Contents

	Geographical setting (3) – History of the district (7) – People and religious composition (14) Mode of worship (19) – Antiquity of temples (20) – Temple architecture (25) – Carvings and paintings (30) – Administration of temples (31) – Classification of temples (33) – Types of idols (36) – Deities (36) – Sakti-kalpa (38) – Vishnu kalpa (41) – Siva kalpa (41) – Lord Siva (42) – Lord Vettakkorumakan or Kiratasoonu (43) – Sree Kshetrapalan (43) – Ganapati kalpa (43) – Subramanya kalpa (43) – Sasta and Ayyappa kalpa (44) – Sree Lakshmi-Narayana (44) – Sree Arddhanareswara/Uma-Maheswara (44) – Sacred groves and Naga worship (45) – Other varied kalpas (45) – Lord Hanuman (45) – Spirit-cult (46) – Ashta-dikpalas and Navagrahas (47) – Time of worship and poojas (48) – Offerings (49) – Monthly and annual festivals (51) – Utsavam (52) – Talappoli (53) – Kalam-patt (53) – Tara and Pootan (55) – Tolpava-koottu (55) – Priesthood and temple staff (56) – Priests (56) – Tantris (56) – Santikkars (57) – Kazhakakkars (58) – Remuneration to temple staff (58) – Role of Government and administration (59) – Coverage of temples (60) – Some unique features (61) – Conclusion (61)
	Diagram 1 : Lay-out of temple	62-63
	Diagram 2 : Pratishtha point in the garbha-grham	64
	Diagram 3 : Positions of bali-peethas in the antar-mandalam	65
	Annexure : Villages/towns falling in physio-geographic regions	66
	SECTION 2 : SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT TEMPLES	67-508
	1 Ottappalam taluk	69-250
1.	Sree (Kotalil) Maha Vishnu (Vamanamoorthy) temples, Perumbalam	69
2.	Sree Siva temple, Anakkara	70
3.	Sree Varahamoortty temple, Panniyoor	72
4.	Sree (Malamal kaav) Sasta temple, Malamakkaav	76
5.	Sree Siva temple, Neyyoor	79
6.	Sree (Kurinni kaav) Durga Bhagavati temple, Kootalloor	80
7.	Sree Siva temple, Kallatattoor	81
8.	Sree (Poovillasseri) Garudaroodha Vishnu temple, Aaloor	84
9.	Sree (Chamundi kaav) Bhagavati temple, Aaloor	86
10.	Sree (Mulayamparambatt kaav) Durga Bhagavati temple, Chalisseri	88
11.	Sree (Komangalam) Siva temple, Vavanoor	89
12.	Sree Bhagavati temple, Aamakkav	91
13.	Sree (Panayanneeri) Ramaswamy temple, Peringot	92
14.	Sree (Tirumittakkot) Narasimhamoortty temple, Karukaputtoor	94
15.	Sree Siva temple, Akilanam	96
16.	Sree Siva-Maha Ganapati temple, Perinkannoor	97
17.	Sree (Trkkarangat) Siva temple, Nellikkattiri	99
18.	Sree Anchumoortty temple, Tirumittakkot	101
19.	Sree Siva temple, Trttala	104
20.	Sree Durga Bhagavati temple, Nangattiri	106
21.	Sree Durga Bhagavati temple, Kannanoor	108
22.	Sree Yajneswara temple, Pattittara	110
23.	Sree (Etappatta kaav) Vana-Durga temple, Kannat	112
24.	Sree Krshna temple, Pallippuram	113
25.	Sree (Kotikunnu) Bhagavati temple, Pallippuram	115
26.	Sree Ayyappa temple, Mutappakkat	117
27.	Sree Maha Siva-Sankaranarayana-Maha Vishnu temple, Tiruvegappura	118
28.	Sree Siva temple, Netungootoor	122
29.	Sree (Cholakkavil) Siva temple, Chembra	123
30.	Sree Bhrantanpara (Bhrantachalam) Vana-Durga temple, Kaippuram	124
31.	Sree (Rayiranalloor) Durga Bhagavati temple, Natuvattam	126
32.	Sree (Vilangott kaav) Bhagavati temple, Vilayoor	127
33.	Sree (Malayil) Vana-Durga temple, Rayiranalloor	129
34.	Sree (Mangampulli) Ayyappankaav, Mannengot	130
35.	Sree (Hariharakunnu) Siva temple ( Nagattankotta), Koppam	131
36.	Sree (Ammannoor) Subramanyaswamy temple, Kozhikottiri	132
37.	Sree (Me-Trkkovil) Subramanya temple, Kotumunta	134
38.	Sree (Ingayoor) Ihapureswari (Durga) temple, Perumutiyoor	135
39.	Sree Siva temple, Perumutiyoor	137
40.	Sree (Netunganat) Muttassiyar Kaav, Perumutiyoor	139
41.	Sree (Kai-tali) Mahadeva temple, Neterimangalam	141
42.	Sree (Patinnare matham) Guruvayoorappan temple, Pattambi	143
43.	Sree (Trttantonni) Siva temple, Vatanamkurissi	145
44.	Sree (Chenganam kunnu) Durga Bhagavati temple, Kolliparamb	146
45.	Sree (Tali) Mahadeva temple, Ongalloor	148
46.	Sree (Taliyil) Maha-Siva-Ganapati temple, Ongalloor	150
47.	Sree Siva temple, Kuruvattoor	151
48.	Sree (Pantal) Mahadeva temple, Cherukot	153
49.	Sree (Penoor) Siva temple, Choorakkot	154
50.	Sree Bhagavati (Bhadrakali) temple, Mulayankaav	155
51.	Sree (Perum-Trkkovil) Siva temple, Mulayankaav	157
52.	Sree Durga Bhagavati temple, Pulakkat	159
53.	Sree Siva temple, Nellaya	160
54.	Sree (Puttanalukkal) Bhagavati temple, Cherppulasseri	161
55.	Sree Ayyappan kaav, Cherppulasseri	163
56.	Sree (Vellottukurissi) Ayyappa temple, Cherppulasseri	165
57.	Sree (Tirumullappulli) Siva temple, Karalmanna	166
58.	Sree Antimahakalan kaav, Karalmanna	168
59.	Sree Bhagavati (Bhadrakali) temple, Toota	170
60.	Sree (Kantaloor) Krshna temple, Vellinezhi	171
61.	Sree (Chenganikottu kaav) Vana-Durga temple, Vellinezhi	173
62.	Sree (Trppulikkal) Siva temple, Vellinezhi	174
63.	Sree (Vakkala kaav) Vana-Durga temple, Tirunarayanapuram	175
64.	Sree (Utrattil kaav) Bhadrakali temple, Tiruvazhiyot	176
65.	Sree (Chunaykal) Siva temple, Teruvakkonam	178
66.	Sree (Mangot kaav) Bhagavati (Bhadrakali) temple, Mangot	180
67.	Sree Moonnu-moortty temple, Trkkateeri	181
68.	Sree (Chakkimura) Ayyappa temple, Pakaravoor	183
69.	Sree (Kalikaav) Bhagavati temple, Pariyanampatta	185
70.	Sree Bhagavati temple, Pariyanampatta	185
71.	Sree Siva temple, Kattukulam	188
72.	Sree (Kotarmanna) Lakshmanaswamy temple, Punchappatam	190
73.	Sree (Pulinkaav) Sasta temple, Punchappatam	191
74.	Sree (Meloor) Ayyappan kaav, Easwaramangalam	192
75.	Sree (Pacchayil) Siva temple, Mannampatta	193
76.	Sree Siva temple, Nilavilikunnu	195
77.	Sree Krshna temple, Sreekrshnapuram	196
78.	Sree Vamanamoortty (Vishnu) temple, Perumangot	198
79.	Sree Maha Ganapati temple, Easwaramangalam	199
80.	Sree Ramaswamy temple, Karimpuzha	201
81.	Sree (Kootikkaav) Durga Bhagavati temple, Karimpuzha	203
82.	Sree (Poovvakkot) Siva (Arddhanareswara) temple, Kottappuram	204
83.	Sree (Tiruvalayanat) Bhagavati temple, Kottappuram	206
84	Sree (Tottuvaya) Siva temple, Pulapatta	207
85	Sree (Mokshatt) Siva temple, Pulapatta	208
86	Sree (Tiruvambalam) Subramanyaswamy temple, Aalangat	210
87	Sree Siva temple, Vettekkara	211
88	Sree (Pazhangot) Vishnu (Narasimhamoortty) temple, Vettekkara	212
89	Sree Arddhanareeswara (Vayilakunnilappan) temple, Katambazhippuram	213
90	Sree (Vayilakunnu) Bhagavati (Bhadrakali) temple, Katambazhippuram	216
91	Sree Maha Ganapati temple, Katambazhippuram	218
92	Sree (Palekkavil) Ayyappan kaav, Cherumuntasseri	219
93	Sree (Putukulangara) Bhagavti temple, Vengasseri	220
94	Sree (Cherambatta) Mookambika kaav, Kotakurissi	221
95	Sree (Trechaman Trkkovil) Siva temple, Chalavara	223
96	Sree Cheru-Mulayan kaav Bhadrakali temple, Kayiliyat	224
97	Sree (Mahadevamangalam) Siva temple, Paruttipra	225
98	Sree Siva temple, Shoranoor	227
99	Sree (Eruppe) Siva temple, Kavalappara	229
100	Sree Sankaranarayana (Rantumoortty) temple, Trkkangot	230
101	Sree (Kurumba) Bhagavati temple, Chorottoor	232
102	Sree (Akleswara) Mahadeva temple, Aaramkulam	234
103	Sree (Killikulangara) Bhagavati (Bhadrakali) temple, Kanniyampuram	236
104	Sree Sankaranarayanaswamy temple, Panamanna	239
105	Sree (Vengeri) Mahadeva temple, Ottappalam	241
106	Sree (Chinakkattoor) Bhagavati (Bhadrakali) temple, Palappuram	242
107	Sree (Killikkurissimangalam) Mahadeva (Dakshinamoortty) temple, Lakkiti	245
108	Sree (Kaippayil) Mahadeva temple, Peroor	247
109	Sree Bhagavati temple, Akaloor	249
	2 Mannarkkat taluk	251-292
1	Sree (Panamkurissi) Bhagavati temple, Chettalloor	251
2	Sree Krshna temple, Chettalloor	255
3	Sree (Kurumali kaav) Vishnu-Bhagavati temple, Tacchanattukara	257
4	Sree (Keezh-Trkkovil) Siva temple, Alanalloor	259
5	Sree (Nemminippuratt) Ayyappan kaav, Alanalloor	260
6	Sree (Mel-Trkkovil) Subramanyaswamy temple, Alanalloor	261
7	Sree (Naralatt) Ramaswamy temple, Alanalloor	263
8	Sree Maha Vishnu temple, Bheemanat	264
9	Sree Vana-Durga temple, Kumaramputtoor	266
10	Sree (Tonippuram) Sasta temple, Payyanetam	267
11	Sree (Eananimangalam) Siva temple, Payyanetam	268
12	Sree Kurumba Bhagavati temple, Payyanetam	270
13	Sree Dharmar kovil, Mannarkkat	271
14	Sree (Udayarkunnu) Bhagavati temple, Arakkurussi	273
15	Sree (Peranchatt) Arddhanareeswara temple, Perimbatari	274
16	Sree (Mukkannam) Siva temple, Viyyakurissi	276
17	Sree Subramanyaswamy temple, Trkkaloor	277
18	Sree (Irattakkulam) temple, Pottasseri	278
19	Sree Malleswaran (Siva) kovil, Chemmannoor	280
20	Sree Kiratamoortty temple, Mutukurissi	282
21	Sree (Kannakurissi) Krshna temple, Karakurissi	283
22	Sree (Chullisseri) Ramaswamy temple, Vazhamburam	284
23	Sree Maha Vishnu temple, Pallikkurup	286
24	Sree (Tuppanat) Subramanyaswamy temple, Kallatikkot	288
25	Sree (Kutappulli) Krshna temple, Kallatikkot	290
26	Sree (Kattusseri) Ayyappan kaav, Kallatikkot	291
	3 Palakkat taluk	293-390
1	Sree (Cherukunnu) Bhagavati temple, Kuntuvampatam	293
2	Sree (Trkkoil) Subramanyaswamy temple, Peringot	295
3	Sree Tirumandhamkunnu Bhagavati temple, Kongat	297
4	Sree (Kallapati) Siva-Vishnu temple, Keralasseri	299
5	Sree Kurumba Bhagavati temple, Keralasseri	300
6	Sree Yakki kaav, Keralasseri	301
7	Sree (Ayyanari) Ayyappa temple, Tatukkasseri	302
8	Sree (Nagamkulangara) Bhagavati temple, Kuntalasseri	303
9	Sree (Tirunelli) Sankaranarayana temple, Kuntalasseri	305
10	Sree (Tirunarayanapuram) Maha Vishnu temple, Nagarippuram	306
11	Sree (Malankulangara) Siva temple, Nagarippuram	308
12	Sree (Kayamukunnatt) Bhadrakali temple, Mannoor	309
13	Sree (Vatavarkottukurissi) Siva temple, Mannoor	312
14	Sree (Kalikaav) Bhadrakali temple, Mankara	313
15	Sree Bhagavati temple, Mankurussi	315
16	Sree (Karatimala) Vana-Durga temple, Kalloor	316
17	Sree (Punnakurissi) Siva temple, Kalloor	317
18	Sree (Trppamkunnu) Siva temple, Pariyasseri	318
19	Sree (Vembalatt) Maha Deva temple, Kinavalloor	320
20	Sree (Tekkiniyetatt) Siva temple, Kinavalloor	321
21	Sree (Ayyarmala) Chidambareswaraswamy temple, Tenoor	322
22	Sree (Tiruvanchi) Siva temple, Tenoor	324
23	Sree (Natuvasseri) Siva temple, Otannoor	325
24	Sree (Chenkattoor) Siva-Sasta temple (Ayyappan kaav), Etattara	326
25	Sree (Tevarvattam) Subramanyaswamy temple, Etattara	328
26	Sree (Palakeezh) Bhagavati temple, Muntoor	329
27	Sree (Vikramunteswaram) Siva temple, Muntoor	331
28	Sree (Kunnappullikaav) Bhadrakali temple, Ezhakkat	333
29	Sree Siva temple, Ezhakkat	334
30	Sree (Chettilvettiya) Bhagavati temple, Dhoni	336
31	Sree (Eamoor) Hemambika temple, Kallekulangara	337
32	Sree (Chendamangalam) Siva temple, Kallekulangara	340
33	Sree Siva temple, Katukkankunnu	341
34	Sree (Tontarkulangara) Bhagavati temple, Kallepulli	342
35	Sree Maha Ganapati temple, Chattapuram	343
36	Sree Viswanathaswamy temple, Kalpatti	345
37	Sree Vaidyanathaswamy temple, Vaidyanathapuram	347
38	Sree Lakshminarayanaswamy temple, Sekharapuram	348
39	Sree (Manappulli kaav) Bhagavati temple, East Yakkara	350
40	Sree Visweswara temple, Yakkara	351
41	Sree Sasta temple, Tirunellayi	353
42	Sree (Kachamkulam) Bhagavati temple, Tirupurakkal	355
43	Sree Vishnu-Tirupurakkal Bhagavati temple, Vatakkantara	358
44	Sree Chandranathaswamy temple (Jain temple), Palakkat	360
45	Sree Guruvayoorappan temple, Palakkat	362
46	Sree (Kizhakkancheri) Bhagavati temple, Kallekkat	365
47	Sree (Kakkot) Bhagavati temple, Kotuntirappulli	366
48	Sree (Agastyanalloor) Siva temple, Attaloor	368
49	Sree Subramanyaswamy temple, Kotumb	369
50	Sree (Chemattiya) Bhagavati temple, Kotumb	372
51	Sree (Tiruvalattoor) Rantumoortty Bhagavati temple, Kotumb	374
52	Sree (Oottukulangara) Bhagavati temple, Peruvamba	377
53	Sree (Paloor) Siva temple, Palatulli	379
54	Sree (Perumkurissi) Siva temple, Polpulli	381
55	Sree (Parukkancheri) Bhagavati temple, Pallateri	382
56	Sree (Varanapuri) Siva temple, Elappulli	384
57	Sree (Netumbrayoor Devarmatham) Siva temple, Putusseri	385
58	Sree Kurumba Bhagavati temple, Putusseri	386
59	Sree Maha Siva temple, Kanchikkot	389
	4 Chittoor taluk	391-452
1	Sree Siva temple, Kakkayoor	391
2	Sree (Nocchoor) Bhagavati temple, Kotuvayoor	393
3	Sree (Tiruvalayanat) Bhagavati temple, Kotuvayoor	395
4	Sree (Keralapuram) Viswanathaswamy temple, Kotuvayoor	396
5	Sree Bhagavati temple, Chittoor	399
6	Sree (Lankeswaram) Siva temple, Chittoor	404
7	Sree (Kakkurussi) Siva temple, Tattamangalam	406
8	Sree Durga Bhagavati temple, Tattamangalam	407
9	Sree (Tekke Gramam) Ramaswamy temple, Chittoor	408
10	Sree (Cherubala Kenampulli mala) Siva temple, Chittoor	410
11	Sree (Appupillayoor) Ayyappa temple, Nellepilli	411
12	Sree (Parijatapuram) Vishnu temple, Nalleppilli	412
13	Sree (Viswamaruli) Siva temple, Nalleppilli	412
14	Sree (Boyattara Vetappatti) Muttumariyamman kovil, Kozhinnampara	415
15	Sree Siva temple, Kozhinnampara	416
16	Sree Krshna temple, Menonpara	417
17	Sree Siva temple, Pattancheri	418
18	Sree Vana-Sasta temple, Pattancheri	420
19	Sree Varadaraja Perumal temple, Aalampallam	421
20	Sree (Pokkunni) Siva temple, Vatavannoor	322
21	Sree (Tiruvilwampatta) Siva temple, Vatavannoor	424
22	Sree Santana Gopalakrshnaswamy temple, Pallassana	425
23	Sree (Pazhaya kaav) Meenkulatti Bhagavati temple, Pallassana	426
24	Sree (Trpallavoor) Siva temple, Pallavoor	428
25	Sree (Nellikkulangara) Bhagavati temple, Vallangi	431
26	Sree Siva temple, Pottunti	433
27	Sree (Putugramam) Maha Ganapati temple, Nenmara	434
28	Sree (Srngeswaram) Maha Vishnu temple, Chattamangalam	435
29	Sree Siva (Akhileswaraswamy) temple, Ayiloor	437
30	Sree Narasimhamoortty temple, Tiruvazhiyat	439
31	Sree (Tevarkulam) Siva temple, Elavancheri	441
32	Sree (Peringottkaav) Bhagavati temple, Elavancheri	442
33	Sree Siva temple, Cherapuram	443
34	Sree Viswanathaswamy temple, Panangattiri	445
35	Sree (Tirukacchamkurissi) Maha Vishnu temple, Payyaloor	446
36	Sree (Putugramam) Viswanatha temple, Kollankot	449
37	Sree (Pulikkot) Ayyappan kaav, Kollankot	451
	5 Aalattoor taluk	453-508
1	Sree (Mannatt) Bhagavati temple, Peringottukurissi	453
2	Sree (Trttamara) Siva temple, Paruttippulli	454
3	Sree Jala-Durga temple, Perinkulangara	456
4	Sree (Chambrankulangara) Bala-Sasta temple, Kottayi	457
5	Sree (Irattakkulangara) Bhagavati temple, Mattoor	459
6	Sree Dakshinamoortty temple, Mattoor	460
7	Sree (Valavasseri) Nageswar (Siva) temple, Chunkamandam	461
8	Sree (Azhakotta) Mahadeva temple, Kuzhalmandam	462
9	Sree Siva temple, Tenkurissi	463
10	Sree Durga-Parameswari temple, Vilayanchattanoor	465
11	Sree Sankaranarayana temple, Ilamandam	466
12	Sree (Pookkulangara) Bhagavati temple, Kunisseri	467
13	Sree Siva temple, Trppaloor	469
14	Sree Dakshinamoortty temple, Kuttannoor	472
15	Sree (Kizhakketara) Bhagavati temple, Kuttannoor	473
16	Sree Siva temple, Mannattoor	474
17	Sree (Amma Tiruvati) Bhagavati temple, Tolannoor	476
18	Sree (Mangottukaav) Bhadrakali temple, Attippotta	477
19	Sree (Poomullimana) Siva temple, Vavunyapuram	479
20	Sree Kurumba Bhagavati temple, Taroor	480
21	Sree (Parakkat) Bhagavati temple, Patoor	481
22	Sree (Parakkat) Bhagavati temple, Kavasseri	482
23	Sree (Tazhekkatt) Bhagavati temple, Melarkot	484
24	Sree (Mattoor - Tantalot) Siva temple, Vantazhi	485
25	Sree (Azhikulangara) Bhagavati temple, Mutappalloor	407
26	Sree Maha Vishnu temple, Mutappalloor	489
27	Sree Kurumba Bhagavati temple, Kakkasseri	490
28	Sree Mahadeva temple, Tiruvara	491
29	Sree Ayyapa-Krshna temple, Karumanasseri	494
30	Sree (Kotakkatt kaav) Bhagavati temple, Vatakkancheri	495
31	Sree (Tekkegramam) Dharma Sasta temple, Mangalam	499
32	Sree Anchumoortty temple, Anchumoortty Mangalam	500
33	Sree (Ayyappankaav) Sasta temple, Nattukal	503
34	Sree Narasimhamoortty temple, Rshinaradamangalam	504
35	Sree Bhagavati temple, Putukkot	506
	SECTION 3 : TEMPLE DIRECTORY	509-857
1	Ottappalam taluk	510-563
	Key to map showing names of panchayatts and villages	510
	Rough map (facing key to map)
	Directory	511
2	Mannarkkat taluk	614-649
	Key to map showing names of panchayatts and villages	614
	Rough map (facing key to map)
	Directory	615
3	Palakkat taluk	650-721
	Key to map showing names of panchayatts and villages
	Rough map (facing key to map)
	Directory	651
4	Chittoor taluk	722-803
	Key to map showing names of panchayatts and villages
	Rough map (facing key to map)
	Directory	723
5	Aalattoor taluk	804-857
	Key to map showing names of panchayatts and villages
	Rough map (facing key to map)
	Directory	805
	PROCEDURE OF TRANSLITERATION	558-862
	GLOSSARY	863-888
	PHOTOGRAPHS	Between pages 508 and 509
	Ottappalam taluk (plates 1-38), Mannarkkat taluk (39-48), Palakkat taluk (49-76), Chittoor taluk (77-94) and Aalattoor (95-108)
	Front cover : Sree (Tirukacchamkurissi) Maha Vishnu temple, Payyaloor
	Back cover : Peepul tree with a swayambhoo idol of Lord Ayyappa inside it (Sree Sankaranarayana (Rantumoortty) temple, Trkkangot)

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