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World Heritage Series – Old Goa




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World Heritage Series – Old Goa


World Heritage Series – Old Goa

Código del Artículo: NAC013

por S. Rajagopalan

Paperback (Edición: 2004)

Archaeological Survey of India
ISBN 8187780207

Tamaño: 9.4 Inch X 4.8 Inch
Páginas: 96 (Illustrated Throughout In Color)
Weight of the Book: 170 gms

Precio: Euro 11.43

Descripción
From the Jacket

This is part of a series of guidebooks published by the Archaeological Survey of India to showcase World Heritage Sites in India. A UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site, Old Goa or Velha Goa, is famed for its churches and convents.

Although Christianity came to India with the arrival of St. Thomas in the first century AD, it was the Portuguese who firmly implanted the faith in this land in the sixteenth century after the conquest of Goa in 1510; the Portuguese began studding the land with churches and convents. The architects responsible for building these monuments were inspired by the architectural styles then prevalent in Europe.

The magnificent monuments in Goa served an additional evangelical purpose by inspiring awe and reverence in the new converts.

Among the most significant churches in Old Coo is the Basilica of Bom Jesus, which houses the mausoleum of Goa’s patron saint, Francis Xavier. The largest church in Goa, the impressive Se Cathedral is architecturally Portuguese-Gothic in style, the exterior being Tuscan and the interior Corinthian.

Old Goa is today a quiet and charming place, far from the madding crowd of the capital at Panaji. Its incredible cultural heritage adds to its popularity as a tourist destination.

Old Goa

This guide to Old Goa is an account on the architectural masterpieces in the form of cathedrals, churches, chapels and convents for which Old Goa (Velha Goa) is famous. These were built between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD in laterite and lime-plaster. Among these the most fascinating ones are Se Cathedral, Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi, Church of St. Cajetan, Chapel of St. Catherine, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and Church of St. Augustine.

Basilica of Bom Jesus, enshrining the mortal remains of St. Xavier, is an imposing edifice with Ionic, Doric and Corinthian pilastered façade. The Church of St. Cajetan is also another impressive building modeled on St. Peter’s Church in Rome. Also notable is SC Cathedral, which is an example of Renaissance architecture with Corinthian columns at its portals, Tuscan exterior and the barrel vault above the nave. The paintings in the churches were done on wooden borders and fixed between the panels having floral designs as in the chapels housing the tomb of St. Xavier, the arches above the altars in the transept of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi. Apart from a few statues in stone, there are some carved delicately in wood, depicting the saints, Mother Mary and Jesus on the Cross, painted to adorn the altars.

Venture beyond the palm-fringed beaches of Goa and discover the most enduring landmarks of this heritage, viz., the churches and convents of Old Goa.

General Information

Old Goa, also known as Velha Goa (Lat. 15° 33’ North; Long. 73° 15’), lies 10 km to the east of Panaji, the capital of the state of Goa. Apart from its world- famous beaches, Old Goa has a magnificent group of churches dating from the sixteenth century onwards. The architectural styles then prevalent in Europe, be it the Classical, the Baroque or the Manuline, are reflected in the construction of these churches.

The Church of St. Augustine with its Corinthian columns and colossal bell tower, the Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi with its ornamented entrance, trefoil arch and rib-vaulted nave reminiscent of the Gothic style, the Basilica of Bom Jesus with its façade decorated with Ionic, Doric and Corinthian pilasters and the Se Cathedral with its Tuscan exterior and the Corinthian columns at its portals are a few of the stately monuments of Old Goa.

The monuments of Old Goa are open to public between 8.30 am and 5.30 pm on all days including public, state and national holidays. The Archaeological Museum is open between 10.00 am to 5.00 pm on all days, excluding Fridays. There is no entry fee for the monuments, but those above 15 years of age are charged Rs 5 to enter the Museum. The ASI Director General’s permission is required for taking photographs of the museum artefacts. However, still photography, without the use of tripod, is allowed in the monuments.

The nearest international airport is located at Dabolim, 32 km from Panaji. Most domestic airlines operate direct flights from Goa to Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai. Private chartered airlines from international destinations also land here. The nearest railhead at Vasco da Gama, 35 km from Panaji, has daily trains to and from Delhi and Mumbai. Konkan Railway has a station at Karmali, close to Panaji.

Old Goa is connected by excellent bus services to Panaji, which lies on the National Highway (NH 4A) leading to Ponda and onwards to Belgaum and Hubli. Long-distance and local buses leave from the Kadamba Bus Terminal in Panaji for Mumbai, Bangalore, Hampi and other destinations. There is the Tourist Hotel run by the Goa Tourism Development Corporation in Old Goa. However, Panaji offers a large variety of hotels to choose from.

Contents


General Information 6

Introduction 8

Short History 8

Recent Explorations 15

Art and Architecture 16

Paintings 22

Sculpture 23

Monuments 24

Se Cathedral 26

Convent and Church of St. Francis of Assisi 34

Chapel of St. Caherine 40

Professed House and the Basilica of Bom Jesus 42

Church of St. Cajetan 52

Gate of the palace of ‘Adil Shah’ 56

Viceroy’s Arch 56

Gate of the College of St. Paul 58

Church of Our Lady of the Rosary 59

Tower of the Church of St. Augustine 62

Chapel of St. Francis Xavier 72

Chapel of Our Lady of the Mount 72

Church and Convent of St. Monica 73

Church of the Carmelites 74

Convent and the Church of St. John of God 74

Royal Chapel of St. Anthony74

Convent and Church of the Cross of Miracles 75

The Pillory 75

The Archaeological Museum 76

Appendix: St Francis Xavier 88

Glossary 95

Select Bibliography96

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World Heritage Series – Mahabalipuram




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World Heritage Series – Mahabalipuram

Editor's Pick
World Heritage Series – Mahabalipuram

Código del Artículo: NAC012

por C. Sivaramamurti

Paperback (Edición: 2006)

Archaeological Survey of India
ISBN 8187780215

Tamaño: 9.4 Inch X 4.8 Inch
Páginas: 96 (Illustrated Throughout In Color)
Weight of the Book: 175 gms

Precio: Euro 11.43

Descripción
From the Jacket

This guidebook on Mahabalipuram is part of the World Heritage Series beings published by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Mahabalipuram is situated on the Coromandel Coast, 58 kms to the south of Chennai. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984 for its stunning range of monuments, dating from the sixth to the tenth century AD, that include stone rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), the famous Shore temple and giant bas reliefs carved on granite rocks.

Mahabalipuram finds mention in texts dating from the beginning of the Christian era, including the Perip Los of the Erythraean Sea, as an important seaport. From the sixth to the tenth century AD, successive rulers of the Pallava dynasty built some of the finest examples of rock-cut architecture and monolithic temples at this site.

The majority of the monuments at Mahabalipuram were constructed under the great Pallava ruler, Narasithhavarman I (circa AD 630-70), who was also called Mamalla, and even today Mahabalipuram is popularly known as Mamallapuram.

All the monuments, such as the Shore temple, standing on the edge of the sea for a thousand years; the immense bas-relief of Arjuna’s penance carved with human figures, animals and deities; the mandapas and the eight monolithic temples styled as rathas, are proud testimony to the architectural brilliance of Pallava craftsmen.

Mahabalipuram

This guidebook is on the group of monuments at Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) a prominent seaport during the time of Periplus (1st century AD) and Ptolemy (AD 140) that finds mention in Hiuen Tsang’s account. This heritage site, located 58 km to the south of Chennai, has evidence of architectural activity dating back to the period of Mahendravarman I (AD 600-30). But the most noteworthy of the monuments are the rock-cut rathas or chariots, mandapas, sculptured scenes on open rocks like Arjuna’s penance, caves of Govardhanadhari and Mahishamardini and the Shore temple complex of the time of Narasimhavarman I Mamalla. The monolithic rathas ranging from single to triple-storeyed ones are remarkable examples and display a variety in architectural forms. The monolithic rat has, structural temples and rock-cut caves at Mahabalipuram, attributed to the Pallavas, especially occupy a distinct position in classical Indian architecture.

In fact1 monolithic carving both cut-in and cut-out, continued even during the later periods (Atiranachanda - cave, Pidariratha and Tiger-cave). Structural architecture was, however, introduced on a grand scale by the Pallava Rajasimha (AD 700-28).

The grandiose Vijayanagara phase is represented here by the Raya-gopuram and Talasayana-Perumal temple, juxtaposed to the carved boulder of Arjuna’s penance.

General Information

The monolithic and cave temples at Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) — 12°37’02” N; 80°11’39’ E — occupy an important place among classical Indian monuments. The monuments stand on the sandy sea shore, testimony of the ancient artists’ inherent talents. Picturesquely situated and rich in artistic wealth, they offer scope for the study of ancient architecture and sculpture of the Tamil country.

Excellent roads connect Mahabalipuram with Chennai, 58 km away. The scenic East Coast Road (a toll road) connects Chennai and Pondicherry via Mahabalipuram. There is an alternate old Mahabalipuram Road, which is toll-free. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation operates frequent direct buses to Mamallapuram. There are also buses to Pondicherry (via the East Coast Road) that stop at Mahabalipuram.

One can avail these bus services from Chennai Moffusil Bus Terminus at Koyambedu. Taxis are also available from Chennai. Tamil Nadu Tourist Corporation and many private tour operators conduct one-day tours to Mahabalipuram, which also cover other places of tourist interest on the way. The nearest airport is at Chennai. The nearest railhead is at Chengalpattu, 29 km away.

Mahabalipuram has kept alive the ancient art of stone-masons and sculptors. The visitors can witness the actual technique of stone-carving, be it with the traditional hammer and chisel or with modern powered tools.

For four weeks from early January, the annual Mamallapuram Dance Festival is held against the magnificent backdrop of Arjuna’s penance. This unique festival draws major artistes from all over the country.

The monuments remain open to visitors between 6.30 am to 6 pm.. Entry fee is Rs 10 for Indians and US $5 or Rs 250 for foreigners. Children below 15 years of age are allowed entry free of charge. Photography using still cameras without tripod, with synchronised flash is permitted. Videography using hand-held video cameras is permitted upon paying a fee of Rs 25, after filling a form. Other forms of photography/ videography require permission from:

Superintending Archaeologist Archaeological Survey of India Chennai Circle, Fort St. George Chennai-600009.

Contents


General Information 6

Short History 8

Ancient Names of Mahabalipuram 10

The Pallavas 13

Architecture and Sculpture 20

The Monuments 28

The Five Monoliths 30

The Hill-Area 42

The Shore temple 74

Miscellaneous Monuments 84

Glossary 94

Bibliography 96

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